Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-2 Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling in the Intestinal Epithelium

Amniotic fluid inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in the fetal and neonatal intestinal epithelium.

The fetal intestinal mucosa is characterized by elevated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, which can lead to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)--a devastating inflammatory disease of the premature intestine--upon exposure to microbes. To define endogenous strategies that could reduce TLR4 signaling, we hypothesized that amniotic fluid can inhibit TLR4 signaling within the ...

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD) Signaling during Vibrio cholerae Infection

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com expression of ToxT [8,9]. ToxR acts as a master regulator and remains under the control of environmental factors [10]. ToxR directly regulates the expression of the outer membrane porin proteins OmpU and OmpT in a separate branch of the ToxR cascade independent of TcpP and ToxT [11,12] which has been suggested to be involved in adherence during path...

Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor TLR and Nucleotide-Binding

In silico Study of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Binding Site of FimH from Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

  Introduction : The innate immune system as the first line of defense against the pathogens recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Interaction of bacterial PAMPs by TLRs results in activation of innate and acquired immunity. FimH adhesin, a minor component of type 1 fimbriae encoded by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a PAMP of TLR4 tha...

Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain